Exploring the significance of crop diversity in resilience to climate change impacts among small-scale farmers in Tungulule Village

Climate change is increasingly disrupting agricultural systems in Malawi, particularly among small-scale farmers who rely on rain fed agriculture. This study explores the significance of crop diversity in enhancing the resilience of smallholder farmers in Tungulule Village, a rural community facing erratic rainfall, droughts, and declining soil fertility. Using a qualitative research design, data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 20 participants, including farmers, community leaders, and local stakeholders. Thematic analysis revealed that crop diversification through intercropping, crop rotation, and the cultivation of drought tolerant varieties plays a critical role in stabilizing food production, improving household income, and reducing vulnerability to climate shocks. Participants reported that integrating crops such as cassava, sweet potatoes, legumes, and groundnuts helped mitigate the risks associated with maize monoculture. Community leadership emerged as a key enabler of adaptation, facilitating knowledge sharing, seed distribution, and collective action. However, barriers such as limited access to improved seed varieties, financial constraints, and cultural preferences continue to hinder widespread adoption. The study draws on the Sustainable Livelihood Framework and the Human Development Index to contextualize how crop diversity supports natural, social, and financial assets, contributing to long term resilience. Findings underscore the need for integrated policy support, farmer training, and social work engagement to promote climate smart agriculture. By highlighting the intersection of environmental sustainability, social protection, and community empowerment, this research offers practical insights for enhancing rural livelihoods in climate vulnerable regions and contributes to the broader discourse on sustainable development and food systems transformation in sub-Saharan Africa.