AN ASSESSMENT ON THE CHALLENGES ASSOCIATED WITH ACCESSIBILITY OF MENSTRUAL HEALTH FACILITIES IN MALE DOMINATED WORKPACES: A CASE STUDY OF LIMBULI TEA ESTATE

This study investigates the challenges associated with accessing menstrual health facilities in male-dominated workplaces, using Limbuli Tea Estate in Mulanje, Malawi, as a case study. Menstrual health management (MHM) is essential for women's dignity, well-being, and productivity, yet it is often overlooked in rural agricultural settings where women constitute a significant portion of the labor force. Guided by Feminist Theory, which highlights gender inequalities, and the Social-Ecological Model (SEM), which examines multi-level influences on health behaviors, the research addresses gaps in infrastructure, socio-cultural norms, and institutional policies that hinder MHM.

The main objective is to assess accessibility challenges, with specific aims to evaluate the availability and adequacy of facilities, identify socio-cultural and institutional barriers, and explore impacts on female workers' health and productivity. Research questions focus on available facilities, key barriers, and effects on well-being. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining quantitative questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, and focus group discussions (FGDs). The target population comprised female workers aged 18-45 at Limbuli Tea Estate, with a sample of 15 participants selected via stratified random and purposive sampling. Data analysis involved thematic coding for qualitative insights and descriptive statistics for quantitative data, ensuring ethical considerations such as informed consent and confidentiality.

Findings reveal severe inadequacies in menstrual health facilities, including limited private washrooms, scarce sanitary products, absent running water, and improper disposal systems. Women resort to unhygienic practices, such as using open fields or rags, leading to health risks like infections, emotional stress, stigma, absenteeism (up to 3-5 days per month), and reduced productivity. Socio-cultural barriers, such as taboos and patriarchal norms, silence discussions, while institutional factors—male-dominated management, funding constraints, and weak policies—prioritize production over worker welfare. Comparative evidence from Uganda, Kenya, and Zambia echoes these issues, underscoring regional neglect in male-dominated sectors.

The study concludes that while awareness programs show promise, comprehensive improvements are needed to achieve gender equity and align with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 3, 5, and 8. Recommendations include investing in gender-sensitive infrastructure, enforcing MHM policies, conducting training for managers, and fostering community advocacy. This research provides actionable insights for Limbuli Tea Estate and similar workplaces, promoting inclusive environments that enhance women's participation and economic contributions.